2018-10-14

消費税について考えたこと

「消費税10%は100円が110円になると考えるのではなく、1000万円が1100万円になると考えるべきだ」というつぶやきを目にした。しかしこれは言っていることが同じだ。

私はむしろ、消費税とは手取りに対する税金ではないかと考えている。貯蓄をしない家計では、消費税は実質手取りに対する税金だ。貯蓄をしない家計にとって、消費税10%とは、手取り20万円が18万円になることだ。

もっとも、この考え方にも問題はある。というのも貯蓄をしない家計は賃貸住宅に住んでいるだろうが、不動産の貸付料である家賃には消費税はかからない。手取り20万円の家計で家賃6万円の場合、14万円が12万6千円になるということだ。

消費税と言えばイタリアは先進国だ。1973年という昔から12%の消費税を導入し、1997年には20%に引き上げられた。そのイタリアでは、表に出ず消費税を脱税した地下経済とマフィアが発展した。

消費税が10%ともなると、日本でも地下経済と、地下経済の信用取引を履行させるためのヤクザが発展するだろうか。

日本ではヤクザの人権を剥奪する法律によりヤクザの人口が急激に減りつつある。また個人間の送金手段は経済に悪影響を及ぼすほど厳しく規制しているので地下経済も発展しにくい。

とはいえ、消費税があまりにも高くなれば地下経済は発展するだろうし、地下経済が発展したならば、その信用取引を確実に履行させるための機関としてヤクザが必要になり、ミカジメ料を支払うようになるのでヤクザも再び興隆するだろうか。

ということを考えながら、消費税制度の解説を眺めていたところ、興味深い定義を発見した。

「郵便切手類、印紙、証紙、物品切手の譲渡は非課税取引」

興味深い定義だ。すべての取引が地下経済に潜ることはできない以上、我々は表の取引もする。であれば、一部の取引を切手や印紙による取引とするのは現実的ではないだろうか。素晴らしいことに地下経済にする必要すらない。単なる非課税取引をしたにすぎないのだから。

具体的に考えよう。君は牛を二頭持っている。今君は牛を一頭売る契約をしたので契約書作成の税金を収めるため収入印紙を貼る必要がある。君は残りの牛一頭のミルクを売って現金を得て消費税を払い、残りの現金で収入印紙を買う。もし、君がミルクと収入印紙を直接交換したならば、消費税を支払う必要はない。

すばらしい。我々は現金ではなく収入印紙で支払うことによって消費税を節税することに成功した。消費税を支払わない分、ミルクの値段を下げるか、利益を上げることができる。

こう考えると、消費税の存在は貨幣経済に対する足かせであるように思えてくる。

しかし収入印紙は日本国に対する支払いにしか使えない用途の限定された通貨だ。現金という汎用的な通貨ではない。この問題をどうすればいいのだろう。

収入印紙には需要がある。需要があるものは汎用的な通貨である現金と交換できる。例えば金券ショップでは、収入印紙は額面の95%ぐらいで交換できる相場だ。ところで今の消費税は8%である。収入印紙で取引して収入印紙を現金化した場合の損失が、消費税率を下回る場合、これは得をしたと言えるのではないか。しかも合法だ。つまり収入印紙での取引は合法的な節税になるのではないか。

私は経済学にも消費税制度にも詳しくないのだが、この解釈は正しいのだろうか。

64 comments:

said...

この呟きは逆だね。子供のおこずかいにとって
ものすごい痛手でしょ。また母ちゃんの血圧が
上がるのかもね。

Anonymous said...

残念ながら、切手等の印紙の交換が非課税取引になるには、
特定の会社に対しての交換の場合のみのようです。
https://www.nta.go.jp/law/tsutatsu/kihon/shohi/06/04.htm
> 非課税とされる郵便切手類又は印紙の譲渡は、日本郵便株式会社が行う譲渡及び簡易郵便局法第7条第1項《簡易郵便局の設置及び受託者の呼称》に規定する委託業務を行う施設又は郵便切手類販売所等一定の場所における譲渡に限られる

また、ちゃんと調べ切れたわけではありませんが、
消費税は「課税対象になる資産を譲渡」した際に、
その資産の価値に基づいて支払う必要があるようです。
https://www.nta.go.jp/m/taxanswer/6301.htm

そのため、ミルクと収入印紙を交換した場合、収入印紙の額面に応じた消費税を支払されるはめになりそうです。

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