Avast, Me Hearties: How The Pirate Bay Changed The Way We Steal | TechCrunch
Magnet-hashes for all torrents on The Pirate Bay: 164 MB | Hacker News
The whole Pirate Bay magnet archive (download torrent) - TPB
The Pirate Bayがtorrentファイルのホストをやめて、マグネットリンクをデフォルトにすると発表した時、The Pirate BayをすべてUSBメモリに格納することができるだろうというジョークが出た。そこで、それを実行にうつした人間がいた。PerlでThe Pirate Bayをクロールして、The Pirate Bay上のユニークID、名前、クロール時のピア数、infoセクションのハッシュ値を記録した。その結果、ファイルサイズは164MB、圧縮して90MBとなった。十分USBメモリに収まるサイズである。その記録のハッシュ値のハッシュ値が以下となる。
magnet:?xt=urn:btih:938802790a385c49307f34cca4c30f80b03df59c
なんと、UTF-8ならたったの60バイトだ。紙にすら書ける。先頭の20バイトは余分なので、根本的には、938802790a385c49307f34cca4c30f80b03df59cというたったの40バイトの情報だ。もちろん、これはHEXなので、実際には20バイト分の情報である。
さて、この20バイトの情報は違法だろうか。
前回も書いたように、どこまでを違法とするのかを考えると、とてもメタな考え方をしなければならない。
torrentファイルに記録されているのは、torrentファイル自体を表示するのに使われるべき名前、トラッカーサイト、ファイル名、ファイルの各ピースのハッシュ値などである。技術的に考えて、ハッシュ値にまで著作権が及ぶはずはない。
ところが、世間では、根本的には単なるファイルのハッシュ値であるtorrentファイルが違法であるらしい。実際、The Pirate Bayのファウンダー達は有罪判決を受けている。そこで、The Pirate Bayは、torrentファイルすらやめてしまった。マグネットリンクになった。
マグネットリンクとは、torrentファイル内のinfoセクションのハッシュ値である。つまり、938802790a385c49307f34cca4c30f80b03df59cのようになる。この数字は、The Pirate Bayをクロールして最小限の情報を格納したファイルのtorrentファイルへの識別子とみなすことができる。実際に目的にファイルを得るには、この識別子を元に、他のピアからtorrentファイルを入手、そのtorrentファイルを元に、他のピアから目的のファイルを入手することになる。これは、違法な数字なのだろうか。
著作権はハッシュ値にまで及ぶのか? ハッシュ値のハッシュ値ではどうか? ハッシュ値のハッシュ値を掲載しているWebサイトはどうか。ハッシュ値のハッシュ値を掲載しているWebサイトをクロールしたデータはどうか。ハッシュ値のハッシュ値を掲載しているThe Pirate Bayをクロールしたデータのハッシュ値のハッシュ値、すなわち、938802790a385c49307f34cca4c30f80b03df59cは、果たして違法なのか。著作権侵害幇助だとしても、どこまでが幇助になるのだろうか。
追記:もちろん、このリンクを延々とたどって、最終的にファイルを違法ダウンロードすれば、それは著作権侵害となる事にかわりはない。問題は、ハッシュ値を掲載することが違法になるのか、つまり、The Pirate Bayは違法かどうかということだ。
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